Oracle 12c Full Note - Drawbacks of Flat files - Deepak YT

 Oracle 12c

There are mainly two different types of database language in ORACLE.they are

1. SQL (Structure Query Language)
2. PLSQL (Procedural Language Extension of SQL)
3. Dynamic SQL

Oracle is a relational database product which is used data permanently in the secondary storage device.

if you want to operate ORACLE then we are following languages.

1. SQL - it is a non-procedural language
2. PLSQL- it is a procedural language

all organizations store the same type of data

Data- it is a collection of row facts.

Information- it is s collection of meaningful data or processed data.

Flat Files-

this is s traditional mechanism that is used to store data or information in individual unrelated files.

Drawbacks of Flat files

• Data Retrieval
• Data Redundancy
• Data Integrity
• Data Security
• Data Indexing

1) Data Retrieval:

If we want to retrieve data from flat files then we must develop application programs in high-level languages, whereas if we want to retrieve data from databases then we are using SEQUEL Language.

SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language)

2) Data Redundancy:

Sometimes we are maintaining multiple copies of the same data in different locations this data is also called duplicate data or redundant data.

In the Flat files mechanism when we are modifying data in one location it is not affected in another location. This is called INCONSISTENCY.

In databases, every transaction internally has 4 properties. These properties are known as ACID properties.

A: Atomicity (ROLLBACK)

C: Consistency

I: Isolation

D: Durability (COMMIT)

These properties only automatically maintain consistent data in databases.

3) Data Integrity:

Integrity means maintaining proper data. If we want to maintain proper data then we are defining a set of rules, these rules are also called "Business rules".

In databases, we are maintaining proper data using constraints, and triggers. If we want to maintain proper data in flat files we must develop application programs in high-level languages like COBOL, JAVA, etc.

4) Data Security:

Data stored in flat files cannot be secured because a flat file doesn't provide a security mechanism. Whereas databases provide "ROLE-based security".

5) Data Indexing:

If we want to retrieve data very quickly from the database then we are using an indexing mechanism. Whereas flat files don't provide an indexing mechanism.

To overcome all the above problems new software is used by all organizations to store data or information in secondary storage devices. This is called DBMS software.

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